SiO2气凝胶是由胶体粒子或高聚物分子相互聚结、构成纳米多孔网络结构,并在空隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固态材料.常压干燥制备气凝胶一直是近年来的研究热点.本文综述了常压制备SiO2气凝胶的原辅料及制备工艺的研究新进展.着重介绍了硅源、酸碱催化剂种类及制备过程中水解时间、陈化、溶剂置换、表面改性、常压干燥等工艺的优化机理及发展现状.
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